Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Two Groups of Students in a Semi-urban Town in Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Intestinal parasitic infections are still an important public health problem in developing countries of the world even though they tend to receive lesser attention than bacterial and viral diseases. No published information on the comparative studies contrasting prevalence rates between primary school students and undergraduate students in this area is available. This study was therefore aimed at determining the rates of infection in the two groups of students in Ekpoma, Nigeria. Two hundred and forty (240) stool specimens were collected from students (120 primary school pupils and 120 university students) residing in Ekpoma, and examined for presence of intestinal parasites. Each stool sample was examined macroscopically, and microscopically using the saline wet mount and the formol ether concentration techniques. 80 (33.3%) subjects were found to be infected with four different parasites. Prevalence rates of infection were 33.4 % for Ascaris lumbricoides (primary school pupils (25%), university students (8.3%); 26.7 % for Hookworm (primary school pupils (16.7%), university students (10%); 5.0 % for Trichuris trichiura (primary school pupils (0%)), university students (5.0%); and 1.7 % for Entamoeba histolytica (primary school pupils (0%)), university students (1.7%). The primary school pupils were mostly infected with Ascaris lumbricoides and Hookworm, while the university students had more infections with Trichuris trichiura and Entamoeba histolytica. Parasitic infection was much higher in primary school pupils (41.7%) than in university students (25%), and the difference was statistically significant ( 2 =3.75; p < 0.05). We recommend that enlightenment programmes should be mounted in schools and the community so as to inform
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".