Information Technology Adoption in Botswana Secondary Schools and its Implications on Leadership and School Libraries in the Digital Era
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objectives of this paper are to examine the principals’ transformational leadership qualities and to juxtapose this to Information Technology adoption in Botswana secondary schools. Using David et al. (1989) Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Todd’s (1999) transformational leadership constructs, and qualitative open-ended questions, a research tool was formulated to establish the perceptions of school heads in 10 urban and 14 rural schools, about computer technology acceptance, the role of the school library in the integration of computers in the school and transformational leadership. The findings point to a trend towards computer acceptance and transformational leadership, albeit some indications of computer anxiety, some feelings about the lack of computer usefulness and ease of use, as well as leadership issues, like the lack of functional school libraries. One of the most relevant findings was the positive correlation between perceived ease of use of the computer statement to some leadership constructs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".