Virtual hematoxylin and eosin histopathology using simultaneous photoacoustic remote sensing and scattering microscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is the gold standard for most histopathological diagnostics but requires lengthy processing times not suitable for point-of-care diagnosis. Here we demonstrate a 266-nm excitation ultraviolet photoacoustic remote sensing (UV-PARS) and 1310-nm microscopy system capable of virtual H&E 3D imaging of tissues. Virtual hematoxylin staining of nuclei is achieved with UV-PARS, while virtual eosin staining is achieved using the already implemented interrogation laser from UV-PARS for scattering contrast. We demonstrate the capabilities of this dual-contrast system for en-face planar and depth-resolved imaging of human tissue samples exhibiting high concordance with H&E staining procedures and confocal fluorescence microscopy. To our knowledge, this is the first microscopy approach capable of depth-resolved imaging of unstained thick tissues with virtual H&E contrast.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".