High nutrient supply and carbohydrate content reduce endophyte and alkaloid concentration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two controlled environment experiments were performed to test the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and carbohydrates on endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) and alkaloid concentrations in ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Three perennial ryegrass cultivars ('high sugar grasses' AberDove and AberDart; control Fennema) that differ in carbohydrate content were infected with three strains of N. lolii (common strain, CS; AR1; AR37). Infected and uninfected plants were grown under high (9 mM) and low (2.25 mM) nitrogen (AberDove, Fennema; CS, AR1, AR37) or under high (2 mM KH2PO4) and low (0.05 mM KH2PO4) phosphorus (AberDart, Fennema; CS, AR1). Quantitative realtime Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) was used to estimate endophyte concentrations in harvested leaf tissues. High N and P supply as well as high carbohydrate content of the host grass reduced endophyte concentrations. Alkaloid production was also reduced under both increased N supply and in the high sugar cultivar, and was linearly related to endophyte concentration (except ergovaline). The results stress the need for wider quantification of fungal endophytes in the grassland/ foliar endophyte context, and have implications for how introducing new cultivars, novel endophytes, or increasing nutrient inputs, affect the role of endophytes in grassland ecosystems. Keywords: Neotyphodium lolii, foliar endophyte, Lolium perenne, perennial ryegrass, qPCR, high sugar ryegrass, nitrogen, phosphate, carbohydrate, AR1, AR37, alkaloids
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".