Hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis for preeclampsia, hypertension and prematurity in pregnant patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of HCQ in improving the maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancies with SLE. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane database for relevant English language articles, and Wanfang, CNKI and VIP for Chinese articles, from the databases' inception to April 30, 2020. These studies compared the maternal and/or fetal outcomes between pregnant patients with SLE who were administered HCQ during pregnancy (HCQ+ group) and those who were not administered HCQ (HCQ- group). Two investigators extracted the data and assessed the quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and GRADE criteria independently. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. All statistical analyses were conducted using the Stata 12.0 software. RESULTS: Nine studies involving 1132 pregnancies were included in the study (3 case controls, 2 prospective cohorts, 4 retrospective cohorts). Preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and prematurity were significantly lower in the HCQ+ group than in the HCQ- group (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.21-0.59), (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.19-0.89) and (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.36-0.86), respectively. There were no significant differences in the rates of HELLP Syndrome (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.19-3.96), gestational diabetes (OR 2.3, 95% CI 0.44-12.12), thrombotic events (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.05-1.51), spontaneous abortion (OR 1.77, 95% CI 0.96-3.26), premature rupture of membranes (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.24-1.39), oligohydramnios (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.38-2.14), live birth (OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.60-2.47), stillbirth (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.50-2.00), congenital malformation (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.14-2.04), low birth weight (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.43-1.39), intrauterine distress (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.41-2.76,), intrauterine growth restriction (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.06-5.43), or five-minute APGAR score <7 (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.20-2.58) between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: HCQ treatment during pregnancy could reduce the risk of preeclampsia, pregnancy hypertension and prematurity in SLE patients. The certainty of evidence is high but majority of the studies included are retrospective studies and not randomized controlled trials. Therefore, the multidisciplinary management of pregnant patients with SLE should promote HCQ use, irrespective of disease activity or severity.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.013 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".