Selective area grown AlInGaN nanowire arrays with core–shell structures for photovoltaics on silicon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To pave the way for InGaN-on-Si integrated photovoltaics, uniform and close-packed n-GaN/(Al)InGaN/p-GaN nanowire (NW) arrays with a ∼0.29 μm thick absorption segment of ∼2.35 eV energy bandgap were fabricated on a Si substrate using Ti-mask selective area growth (SAG) in a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) chamber. Instead of using thick and insulting buffer layers, this SAG process was realized by employing a 3 nm AlN/GaN: Ge buffer layer to facilitate electrical and thermal conduction between NWs and Si. Scanning transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy mapping revealed the discontinuities of AlN and the embedments of GaN:Ge which contribute to a negligible resistance of the NWs-on-Si interface. AlInGaN active segment exhibits core-shell structures, which suppress nonradiative surface recombination at NW surfaces. Working of AlInGaN core-shell NW solar cells was demonstrated with improved open-circuit voltage (Voc) and higher energy conversion efficiency (η) than those reported for InGaN NW solar cells. Stable output characteristics including the Voc of 1.41 V and η of 2.46% were obtained under 30-Sun illuminations. Such NWs-on-Si devices use Si substrate as the bottom electrode. With a low series resistance of ∼1 Ω, this work paves the way to monolithically integrate MBE-SAG III-nitride devices and Si-based electronics, such as Si solar cells and CMOS devices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".