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Record W3154737443

Le fédéralisme coopératif au Canada : quand les registres juridique et politique jouent au chat et à la souris (Cooperative Federalism in Canada: When Legal and Political Registers Play Cat and Mouse)

2020· article· fr· W3154737443 on OpenAlexaffabout
Johanne Poirier

Bibliographic record

VenueSSRN Electronic Journal · 2020
Typearticle
Languagefr
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicTaxation and Legal Issues
Canadian institutionsMcGill University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPolitical scienceHumanitiesPhilosophy
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

French Abstract: L’architecture federale canadienne est foncierement dualiste. Chaque ordre de gouvernement est dote de competences officiellement exclusives, avec tres peu de competences formellement concurrentes. De plus, chaque ordre de gouvernement est dote d’institutions legislatives et executives autonomes. Ainsi, l’administration provinciale met en œuvre les lois et politiques provinciales; l’administration federale fait de meme pour les lois et les programmes federaux. Ce mecanisme se distingue donc du « federalisme integre » que connaissent l’Allemagne, la Suisse ou l’Union europeenne, par exemple. Neanmoins, au fil du temps, la pratique prolifique du « federalisme cooperatif » a emerge de facon graduelle et tres pragmatique. La jurisprudence constitutionnelle a partiellement soutenu ce decloisonnement de competences formellement exclusives par l’adoption de doctrines interpretatives qui favorisent le chevauchement legislatif de facto et par l’enterinement de la delegation de tâches administratives d’un ordre de gouvernement vers l’autre. Toutefois, la structure constitutionnelle canadienne ne se voit implicitement modifiee que lorsque les ‘joueurs’ gouvernementaux acceptent de collaborer. Lorsque ce n’est pas, ou plus, le cas, la Cour supreme du Canada se retranche derriere le dualisme officiel et redonne a chaque ordre son entiere autonomie, y compris lorsque cette autonomie peut nuire aux autres membres de la federation. Ainsi, la maniere (collaborative ou non) dont les competences sont exercees est jugee relever du domaine politique, et non juridique, que les cours doivent controler. En somme, si le federalisme se deploie souvent de maniere cooperative sur le terrain, le droit public canadien resiste a l’adoption d’une obligation de bonne foi de la part des partenaires federaux. English Abstract: The Canadian federal architecture is fundamentally “dualist”. Each order of government is endowed with officially exclusive powers, with very few formally concurrent ones. Moreover, each order of government possesses autonomous legislative and executive institutions. Hence, the provincial administration implements provincial laws and policies; the federal civil service does the same for federal laws and programmes. This mechanism is thus distinct from the “integrated federalism” of Germany, Switzerland or the European Union, for example. This said, over the years, a very rich practice of “cooperative federalism” has emerged in a gradual and very pragmatic manner. Constitutional jurisprudence has partially supported this dilution of formal exclusive powers through the adoption of interpretative doctrines that favour de facto legislative overlap and through the endorsement of delegations of one order of government’s administrative tasks to the other. However, the Canadian constitutional structure is implicitly modified only when governmental ‘actors’ agree to collaborate. When that is not, or no longer, the case, the Supreme Court of Canada reverts to official dualism and gives back full autonomy to each order, even when this autonomy can harm other members of the federation. Thus, the manner (collaborative or not) in which powers are exercised is considered to be a political matter, not a legal one which courts ought to police. In sum, if federalism often takes a cooperative form in practice, Canadian public law resists the adoption of an obligation of good faith on the parts of federal partners—the equivalent of a type of federal loyalty.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.965
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.012
GPT teacher head0.226
Teacher spread0.214 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2020
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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Same venueSSRN Electronic JournalSame topicTaxation and Legal IssuesFrench-language works237,207