Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vernon Valentine Palmer * 'Muslim law and Customary law', and 'Common Law and Civil Law'.It is thus apparent that all the legal traditions-the Western, Eastern, Asian, Jewish, Islamic and Sub-Saharan-have provided the basic legal material from which this heterogenous array of hybrids was created.3 The reader will find the categories and combinations of the Ottawa study set out in Appendix A. The so-called 'Mixed Jurisdictions' make up roughly sixteen political entities, of which twelve are independent countries.Most are the former colonial possessions of France, the Netherlands or Spain which at some time in history acquired by Great Britain or the United States.Scotland and Israel, however, are exceptions to this pattern.An important difference of opinion, however, exists over the proper meaning and constituent elements of a mixed system.There are really two camps.Scholars in the classic "mixed jurisdiction" tradition, tend to follow the footsteps of early British comparatists (see Part II below), and they tend to focus upon a single kind of hybrid where most of the comparative research has been done.These scholars have focused their attention upon the systems which straddle Common law and Civil law. 4 If their perspective is accepted, the number of mixed systems in the world shrinks to fewer than twenty countries.5 However, many scholars of legal pluralism (which includes the comparatists who conducted the Ottawa study just mentioned) use a more expansive, factually-oriented approach that absorbs the classical "mixed jurisdictions' into a larger mass of "mixed legal systems," which not only exponentially enlarges the field but leaves classifications in disarray.In this Article I will be concerned with understanding the origins, implications and insights of these two rival theories of mixed systems.Since the classical idea 'mixed jurisdiction' had historical priority over that of the "mixed legal system" tout court, we may turn to the earlier idea first. II. THE CLASSICAL MIXED JURISDICTION CONCEPTION-ORIGINSAt the beginning of the twentieth century many western jurists tended to think in bipolar terms: on the one side there was the empire of 3.Id. 4.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.024 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".