A simple way of unifying the formulas for the Coulomb’s law and Newton’s law of the universal gravitation: An approach based on membranes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, a new approach is presented with the aim of showing a simple way of unifying the classical formulas for the forces of the Coulomb’s law of electrostatic interaction ( F C ) and the Newton’s law of universal gravitation ( F G ) . In this approach, these two forces are of the same nature and are ascribed to the interaction between two membranes that oscillate according to different curvature functions with spatial period ξ π k , where ξ is a dimensionless parameter and k is a wave number. Both curvature functions are solutions of the classical wave equation with wavelength given by the de Broglie relation. This new formula still keeps itself as the inverse square law, and it is like F C when the dimensionless parameter ξ = 274 and like F G when ξ = 1.14198 × 10 45 . It was found that the values of the parameter ξ quantize the formula from which F C and F G are obtained as particular cases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".