<scp>CFD‐DEM</scp> analysis of the spouted fluidized bed with non‐spherical particles
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Hydrodynamics of spouted fluidized beds of spherical and elongated sphero‐cylindrical particles with an aspect ratio (AR) of 4 were studied by the CFD‐DEM technique. The multi‐sphere method was adopted to present the sphero‐cylindrical particles. Simulations were validated with the experimental data for both particle types. Bubble equivalent diameter, bubble shape factor, and leakage fraction were obtained in the simulations. Time‐averaged particle velocity and porosity profiles, solids circulation rate, particle exchange distribution at the spout‐annulus interface, were investigated in the beds filled with spherical and sphero‐cylindrical particles at gas mass flow rates of 0.005, 0.007, and 0.009 kg/s. The equivalent bubble diameter was found to be lower for spherical particles compared to sphero‐cylindrical particles. The leakage fraction of the bubble was lower for sphero‐cylindrical particles. Solid circulation rate and spout diameter were larger for the bed of spherical particles. A higher probability of particles transition into the spout was observed for spherical particles. Investigating the orientation showed that sphero‐cylindrical particles tend to orient almost vertically against the gas flow in the spout region, which lowers the exerted drag force, whereas the particles align nearly horizontally in the annulus region. The results revealed that the CFD‐DEM approach is a promising method for investigating the fluid and both spherical and non‐spherical particle behaviours in spouted fluidized beds.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it