Bibliographic record
Abstract
We show that by breaking the symmetry of a beam subjected to tight focusing, namely by obscuring half of it or, equivalently, shifting the beam away from the lens axis, it is possible to obtain novel light properties in the focal spot which, to the best of our knowledge, have not been observed before. For example, a linearly polarized beam half-obstructed or shifted from the axis generates longitudinal and transverse electrical field components, both of which peak on-axis. The ratio of the intensities of these two components can be tuned by changing the shift distance, the size, and the azimuthal location of the displaced incoming beam. Moreover, such symmetry breaking of a linearly polarized beam acts as a catalyst for producing distributions of circular polarization/longitudinal spin angular momentum, as well as orbital angular momentum, in the focal plane. The simple method for generating co-incident longitudinal and transverse components with a controllable ratio may find applications in laser machining, particle manipulation, etc.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".