Oral and oral preparatory phase of swallowing in children with tonsil hypertrophy: Videofluoroscopy study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of respiratory obstruction due tonsils hypertrophy on bolus organization, lip posture, bolus propulsion, and on associated head and mandible movements during the preparatory oral and oral phases of swallowing in children. This is a transversal study in children with tonsils hypertrophy (Group 1 -n = 21, 8 girls and 13 boys; mean age 4.5 years) and nasal breathers children without tonsils hypertrophy (Group 2 -n = 10, 4 girls and 6 boys; mean age 4.6 years). The groups were evaluated for respiratory patterns (oroscopy, anterior rhinoscopy and nasopharyngoendoscopy), dental evaluation and videofluoroscopy of swallowing, for liquids and paste food. No significant differences were detected (p>0.05) between groups regarding liquid volume ingested, bolus organization, lip posture, bolus propulsion, or the presence of associated head and mandible movements. The results indicate that respiratory obstruction caused by tonsil hypertrophy in children with normal occlusion did not influence the variables studied regarding the preparatory oral and oral phases of swallowing for both consistencies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".