Effect of the Helium Background Gas Pressure on the Structural and Optoelectronic Properties of Pulsed-Laser-Deposited PbS Thin Films
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work focuses on the dependence of the features of PbS films deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) subsequent to the variation of the background pressure of helium (PHe). The morphology of the PLD-PbS films changes from a densely packed and almost featureless structure to a columnar and porous one as the He pressure increases. The average crystallite size related to the (111) preferred orientation increases up to 20 nm for PHe ≥ 300 mTorr. The (111) lattice parameter continuously decreases with increasing PHe values and stabilizes at PHe ≥ 300 mTorr. A downshift transition of the Raman peak of the main phonon (1LO) occurs from PHe = 300 mTorr. This transition would result from electron–LO–phonon interaction and from a lattice contraction. The optical bandgap of the films increases from 1.4 to 1.85 eV as PHe increases from 50 to 500 mTorr. The electrical resistivity of PLD-PbS is increased with PHe and reached its maximum value of 20 Ω·cm at PHe = 300 mTorr (400 times higher than 50 mTorr), which is probably due to the increasing porosity of the films. PHe = 300 mTorr is pointed out as a transitional pressure for the structural and optoelectronic properties of PLD-PbS films.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".