Cellular tropism and antigenicity of mink-derived SARS-CoV-2 variants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in minks has been observed recently, raising serious concerns over cross-species transmission and the emergence of variants capable of rendering antibody therapy and vaccines less effective. Here, the species tropism and antigenicity of the spike protein of ten variants were analyzed in pseudovirus-based assays involving 25 cell lines as well as 293T cells expressing ACE2 receptor from 14 species. No significant change in cellular tropisms was observed with the reported mink variants. There was a slight increase of infectivity in 69-70del and A262S-containing variants, and significantly reduced infectivity of the cluster 5 variant. In neutralizing assays, variants bearing Y453F, F486L, and A262S demonstrated decreased reactivities to at least one monoclonal antibody (mAb). Notably, variants with F486L and other additional mutations were resistant to eight neutralizing mAbs in addition to some polyclonal antisera or convalescent plasma. Together, these findings indicate that these variants are similar to the human viral isolates in terms of infectivity and cellular tropisms, while decreased sensitivity of variants bearing F486L in conjunction with other mutations to neutralization by some mAbs and polyclonal antibody preparations warrants close monitoring of the ever-evolving viruses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".