Every athlete has a unique trajectory: Knee-related quality of life in young athletes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Although the physical, psychological, and social consequences of sustaining an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear in young athletes are well documented, little is known about how ACL tears influence health-related quality of life (QOL). This case series describes changes in knee-related QOL over the first 12 months following an ACL reconstruction (ACLR) in young athletes and explores the association between 6-month knee symptoms, moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), kinesiophobia, and 12-month knee-related QOL.Methods Twenty young athletes (15-20 years old, 70% female) who underwent primary ACLR were evaluated pre-ACLR (baseline) and post-ACLR at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Knee-related QOL was assessed with the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) QOL subscale. Knee symptoms (KOOS symptoms subscale), average daily minutes of MVPA (tri-axial accelerometer), and kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia; TSK) were also tracked. Descriptive statistics (median with range, mean with standard deviation, or proportion with 95%CI) were calculated for demographic and outcome variables. Individual changes in KOOS QOL scores over the 12-month study period were compared to minimal clinically important difference, patient acceptable symptoms state, treatment failure, and normative reference values. Associations between 6-month KOOS symptoms, MVPA, TSK, and 12-month KOOS QOL were explored using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (ρ).Results Considerable individual variability in the trajectory of KOOS QOL scores was observed over the study period with 13 (65%) participants achieving clinically important improvements. At 12 months, the median KOOS QOL score was 53 (range 6-100) and only 7 (35%) participants reported acceptable QOL and 4 (20%) exceeded normative reference values. A moderate association was detected between 6-month KOOS symptoms and 12-month KOOS QOL scores (ρ=0.53, p=0.02).ConclusionsThis case series reveals that young athletes experience unique knee-related QOL trajectories in the first 12 months following an ACLR and that deficits in knee-related QOL still exist at 12 months. These findings highlight the individual and dynamic nature of QOL and the importance of considering QOL as an indicator of recovery in injured young athletes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.032 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".