GABA facilitates spike propagation through branch points of sensory axons in the spinal cord
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Movement and posture depend on sensory feedback that is regulated by specialized GABAergic neurons (GAD2 + ) that form axo-axonic contacts onto myelinated proprioceptive sensory axons and are thought to be inhibitory. However, we report here that activating GAD2 + neurons, directly with optogenetics or indirectly by cutaneous stimulation, facilitates sensory feedback to motoneurons in awake rodents and humans. GABA A receptors and GAD2 + innervation at or near nodes of Ranvier of sensory axons cause this facilitation, preventing spike propagation failure at the many axon branch points, which is otherwise common without GABA. In contrast, GABA A receptors are generally lacking from axon terminals (unlike GABA B ) and do not presynaptically inhibit transmitter release onto motoneurons. GABAergic innervation near nodes and branch points allows individual branches to function autonomously, with GAD2 + neurons regulating which branches conduct, adding a computational layer to the neuronal networks generating movement and likely generalizing to other CNS axons.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".