Sphingosine‐1‐Phosphate, Motor Severity, and Progression in Parkinson's Disease (<scp>MARK‐PD</scp>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Treatment with sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) agonists confers neuroprotective effects in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVES: We assessed the association of serum S1P levels with motor and cognitive symptoms in patients with PD. METHODS: S1P concentrations were analyzed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in serum of 196 PD patients and in 196 age- and sex-matched controls. Motor (Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale III [UPDRS III], Hoehn and Yahr) and cognitive (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]) function were assessed at baseline. Follow-up data was available from 64 patients (median [interquartile range], 513 [381-677] days). RESULTS: S1P levels were lower in PD patients compared with controls, that is 1.75 (1.38-2.07) and 1.90 (1.59-2.18) μmol/L, respectively (P = 0.001). In PD patients, lower S1P concentrations were associated with higher UPDRS III scores and Hoehn and Yahr stage. In the follow-up cohort, S1P concentrations below the median were associated with faster motor decline (hazard ratio: 4.78 [95% CI, 1.98, 11.50]), but not with cognitive worsening. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations reveal an association of S1P with PD. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".