Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.
VenuePhysical review. D/Physical review. D. · 2021
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicPulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
Canadian institutionsCanadian Institute for Theoretical AstrophysicsUniversity of TorontoPerimeter InstituteUniversity of WaterlooCanadian Institute for Advanced ResearchMcGill University
FundersKey Research Program of Frontier Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesFondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y TecnológicoAstrophysics DivisionOffice of International Science and EngineeringNational Key Research and Development Program of ChinaJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceNational Nuclear Security AdministrationToray Science FoundationEast Asian Core Observatories AssociationInstitut Périmètre de physique théoriqueAgencia Nacional de Investigación y DesarrolloInstituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y ElectrónicaIstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareInternational Max Planck Research School for Advanced Methods in Process and Systems EngineeringNational Astronomical Observatory of JapanMinistry of Science and Technology, TaiwanHorizon 2020 Framework ProgrammeVetenskapsrådetCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueAcademy of FinlandMax-Planck-GesellschaftNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Research Foundation of KoreaMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y UniversidadesNuclear Safety and Security CommissionOntario Ministry of Research, Innovation and ScienceGeneralitat ValencianaNational Science FoundationChina Postdoctoral Science FoundationInstituto de Astrofísica de AndalucíaNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekChinese Academy of SciencesEuropean Regional Centre for EcohydrologyAcademia SinicaJunta de AndalucíaUniversiteit van AmsterdamNational Radio Astronomy ObservatoryEuropean CommissionLeverhulme TrustNational Institutes of Natural SciencesGovernment of CanadaFlatiron HealthConsejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad, Junta de AndalucíaLos Alamos National LaboratoryNational Research Council CanadaDepartment of Science and Innovation, South AfricaIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di PadovaKorea Astronomy and Space Science InstituteScience and Technology Facilities CouncilUniversiteit LeidenAssociated UniversitiesSpace Telescope Science InstituteStrongRadboud UniversiteitNational Research FoundationIndonesia Toray Science FoundationDirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMinisterio de Ciencia e InnovaciónConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasUniversity of ChicagoU.S. Department of EnergyInternational Max Planck Research School for Environmental, Cellular and Molecular MicrobiologySmithsonian InstitutionArmy Research OfficeKavli FoundationNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaEuropean Southern ObservatoryChina Scholarship CouncilJohn Templeton FoundationMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyHarvard UniversityUniversity of Massachusetts BostonCompute CanadaSimons FoundationAlfred P. Sloan FoundationNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationH2020 European Research CouncilGordon and Betty Moore FoundationUniversity of ArizonaAlexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
KeywordsPhysicsSupermassive black holeBlack hole (networking)DilatonEvent horizonShadow (psychology)Charged black holeHorizonAstrophysicsTheoretical physicsExtremal black holeEvent (particle physics)AstronomyGalaxy
Abstract
fetched live from OpenAlexOur understanding of strong gravity near supermassive compact objects has recently improved thanks to the measurements made by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). We use here the M87* shadow size to infer constraints on the physical charges of a large variety of nonrotating or rotating black holes. For example, we show that the quality of the measurements is already sufficient to rule out that M87* is a highly charged dilaton black hole. Similarly, when considering black holes with two physical and independent charges, we are able to exclude considerable regions of the space of parameters for the doubly-charged dilaton and the Sen black holes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.467
Threshold uncertainty score0.940
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Teacher spread0.425 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it
