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Record W3162376463 · doi:10.5944/rdpc.24.2020.28400

Célibes involuntarios: ¿Terroristas?. Análisis cualitativo del fenómeno “InCel” y discusión conceptual sobre el “terrorismo”

2021· article· es· W3162376463 on OpenAlex
Gabriel Luis Isla Joulain

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueRevista de Derecho Penal y Criminología · 2021
Typearticle
Languagees
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicTerrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHumanitiesPolitical scienceCartographyGeographyPhilosophy

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Los Célibes Involuntarios (InCels) son un grupo de varones, reunidos en foros en Internet, que odian fuertemente a las mujeres por rechazar sus acercamientos afectivo-sexuales, a los que ellos creen tener derecho por naturaleza, y a los hombres atractivos y sexualmente activos, que restringen sus posibilidades con las mujeres y los condenan a la soledad. Y desean utilizar la violencia contra todos ellos; siendo que seis InCels ya han asesinado en masa a un total de 27 personas y herido a 43 en Estados Unidos y Canadá entre 2014 y 2019. En este trabajo, se debate la inclusión de este grupo en la categoría de terrorista. Para ello, primero se exponen las controversias y las características definitorias del terrorismo. Después, se realiza un análisis exhaustivo con metodología cualitativa de los asesinatos InCels mediante un revisión de 54 artículos en prensa y de los manifiestos ideológicos publicados por tres perpetradores. Se debate entonces la inclusión de los InCels en la categoría de terroristas, siguiendo los criterios definitorios del terrorismo expuestos en la introducción. Se concluye que los InCels no pueden considerarse hoy día un fenómeno terrorista, pero sí muy parecido, al cumplir cuatro de los seis criterios pero carecer de dos: una intención real de imponer su voluntad a los poderes estatales y un intento de subvertir los principios democráticos fundamentales. Finalmente, se critican los problemas de ética, rigurosidad y utilidad del concepto de terrorismo, proponiendo su abandono, explicitando la esterilidad del debate planteado y privilegiando el estudio de las causas macroestructurales e histórico-individuales específicas a las conductas concretas de los InCels.The Involuntary Celibates (InCels) are a group of men, gathered in forums on the Internet, who strongly hate women since they reject their affective-sexual approaches, to which they believe they are entitled by nature, and attractive and sexually active men, who restrict their possibilities with women and condemn them to loneliness. Inaddition, some of its members wish to use violence against all of them. Six InCels have already carried out mass murders in the United States and Canada, out of which a total of 27 people were killed and 43 injured between 2014 and 2019. In this paper, the inclusion of this group in the category of terrorist is discussed. To do this, the controversias and defining characteristics of terrorism are first exposed. Then, an exhaustive analysis with qualitative methodology of the InCels murders is carried out through a review of 54 press articles and of the ideological manifestos published by three perpetrators. The inclusion of InCels in the category of terrorists is then discussed, following the defining criteria of terrorism set out in the introduction. It is concluded that the InCels cannot be considered today a terrorist phenomenon, but a very similar one, fulfilling four of the six criteria but lacking other two: a real intention to impose their will on the state powers, and an attempt to subvert fundamental democratic principles. Finally, the problems of ethics, rigor and usefulness of the concept of terrorism are criticized, proposing its abandonment, making explicit the sterility of the proposed debate and favoring the study of macrostructural and historicalindividual causes specific to the concrete behaviors of the InCels.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies, Scholarly communication, Research integrity, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: Qualitative
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.222
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0020.002
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0020.001
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0020.003
Scholarly communication0.0020.001
Open science0.0020.001
Research integrity0.0010.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.058
GPT teacher head0.359
Teacher spread0.302 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it