Uptake and Translocation of Mesoporous SiO<sub>2</sub>-Coated ZnO Nanoparticles to <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> Following Foliar Application
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nanoparticles composed of ZnO encapsulated in a mesoporous SiO 2 shell (nZnO@SiO 2 ) with a primary particle diameter of ∼70 nm were synthesized for delivery of Zn, a micronutrient, by foliar uptake. Compared to the rapid dissolution of bare nZnO (90% Zn dissolution after 4 h) in a model plant media (pH = 5), nZnO@SiO 2 released Zn more slowly (40% Zn dissolution after 3 weeks), thus enabling sustained Zn delivery over a longer period. nZnO@SiO 2, nZnO, and ZnCl 2 were exposed to Solanum lycopersicum by dosing 40 μg of Zn micronutrient (in a 20 μL suspension) on a single leaf. No Zn uptake was observed for the nZnO treatment after 2 days. Comparable amounts of Zn uptake were observed 2 days after ZnCl 2 (15.5 ± 2.4 μg Zn) and nZnO@SiO 2 (11.4 ± 2.2 μg Zn) dosing. Single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry revealed that for foliar applied nZnO@SiO 2, almost all of the Zn translocated to upper leaves and the stem were in nanoparticulate form. Our results suggest that the SiO 2 shell enhances the uptake of ZnO nanoparticles in Solanum lycopersicum . Sustained and controlled micronutrient delivery in plants through foliar application will reduce fertilizer, energy, and water use.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".