The Acrotylaceae (Gigartinales) revisited: molecular data indicate family-level differences in one of the most enigmatic red-algal families
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Acrotylaceae (Gigartinales) has been an obscure, puzzling red-algal family composed of six genera (Acrotylus, Amphiplexia, Antrocentrum, Claviclonium, Hennedya and Ranavalona) that have virtually no habit and vegetative features remotely in common. Excepting Amphiplexia, with two species, all are monotypic and, save for Ranavalona, endemic to the southern half of Australia, Ranavalona being known only by a single collection from southern Madagascar. The most noteworthy unifying feature of the genera is the cystocarps, in which carposporangial filaments grow into a hollow cavity from inner hull layers. In almost all other respects, apart from zonate tetrasporangia, there are no anatomical features that appear uniformly throughout the complex. Molecular studies indicate that the family is composed of the Acrotylaceae sensu stricto (for Acrotylus, Hennedya and Ranavalona) and the newly proposed Clavicloniaceae (for Claviclonium, Amphiplexia and Antrocentrum). We recognise a new species of Acrotylus (A. cryptographicus) and transfer Rhabdonia mollis Harvey and R. hamata Zanardini to Antrocentrum. Closest affinities of both families lie with the Dicranemataceae, Mychodeaceae and Mychodeophyllaceae of the Gigartinales. The South African genus Reinboldia, which is based on a single 19th century collection, has been questionably included in the Acrotylaceae previously but should, in our opinion, be excluded.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".