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Record W3163559833 · doi:10.3968/12045

American Public Diplomacy after World War II and the Overseas Dissemination of American English

2021· article· en· W3163559833 on OpenAlex
Bingtian Zhang

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueCross-cultural communication · 2021
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
Topic21st Century Education and Governance
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPublic diplomacyDiplomacyPolitical scienceGovernment (linguistics)Promotion (chess)Public administrationWorld War IIChinaDominance (genetics)LawPolitics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The global spread of English is the result of conscious language promotion by English-speaking countries. Before World War II, the United States implemented a language policy of mandatory use of American English in the newly occupied colonies; after World War II, the United States adopted a mechanism with explicit and implicit means complementing each other to promote American language and culture overseas. Since World War II, the United States has created many public diplomatic institutions and programs aimed at strengthening the global dominance of American English and promoting its overseas dissemination and promotion. Public diplomacy activities led by government agencies have combined the promotion of American English with the dissemination of American values; private organizations have led or participated in the dissemination and promotion of American English under the guidance of the U.S. government. The division of labor between government agencies and non-governmental organizations has made the development of American public diplomacy more extensive, permeable and flexible. Examining the historical evolution of American public diplomacy and the overseas spread mechanism of American English has strong reference significance for China to develop its public diplomacy strategy and promote the overseas spread of Chinese language and culture.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.003
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesScience and technology studies
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.470
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.003
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.004
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.014
GPT teacher head0.358
Teacher spread0.344 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it