Bibliographic record
Abstract
Technologies for long-term dry storage in helium or air have been developed for used CANDU fuel. Used fuel dry storage facilities are presently in operation or under construction at all Canadian nuclear power stations. The evaluation of the long-term integrity of stored used fuel started in 1977. Direct examination of fuel stored under water for up to 27 years has indicated that CANDU fuel, defected or not, could be safely stored. The Easily Retrievable Basket and Controlled Environment Experiments have provided information about potential impacts of aging mechanisms during used fuel storage in air for times up to 20 years. The used fuel aging investigation focused on four mechanisms that are believed could have long term impact on used fuel integrity: Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC), UO2 oxidation, creep and Hydrogen Assisted Cracking (HAC). As a result it was concluded that under normal dry storage conditions it is unlikely that CANDU fuel will suffer significant degradation during a period of 100 years. Additional investigation is still necessary in the areas where there is a higher uncertainty in the prediction of used fuel condition and for the degradation processes that are potentially more aggressive. Additional work is also necessary to evaluate the possible effects of abnormal/accident conditions on the integrity of fuel. In 2004 a new program on used fuel integrity was started. The outlines of this program will be discussed. In the first phase of this project, the focus is on a review of the used fuel characteristics at the beginning of dry storage, and on studies of likely stresses that the fuel will be exposed to during handling and transportation after dry storage. In addition, preservation of relevant information (form and content) about the used fuel during a 100 year period is also being studied. In the first phase most of the investigation is carried out by Nuclear Safety Solutions (NSS). After the first phase additional examination and testing of used fuel is planned.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".