Vision related quality of life of patients with keratoconus after keratoplasty at a Tertiary Eye Hospital in Saudi Arabia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the vision-related quality of life (VQoL) for patients with advanced keratoconus (KC) after primary keratoplasty. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, undertaken at the King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in December 2015. Adults (aged 22–75 years) were interviewed via telephone with regard to their VQoL, on the average, 5 years after undergoing primary keratoplasty for advanced KC. VQoL was measured using the Visual Functioning Index (VF-14, Arabic version). The relationship between VQoL and different demographic and clinical factors was evaluated using linear regression. Results: Ninety-five adults participated in the study (54.7 % males; mean age at the interview = 32.05 ± 7.18 years). Eighty-seven (91.6%) of them had undergone PKP. The overall mean VF-14 score was 86.19% (SD: 12.91). VF-14 score was significantly lower for individuals with higher log average K (beta coefficient, −28.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], −55.59 to −1.04; p = 0.042) and hazy graft (beta coefficient, −12.76; 95% CI, −21.16 to −4.36; p = 0.003) adjusting for the effect of keratoplasty technique and BCVA in the better eye at the last follow up. Conclusion: This study suggests that most patients with advanced keratoconus had satisfactory VQoL after primary keratoplasty. Certain subgroups may benefit less substantially than others and would need a particular attention.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".