Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although multiculturalism is a nationally accepted Canadian value, immigrants’ rights to cultural expression and social participation are not always respected, as demonstrated by the persistence of ethnocultural discrimination and public resistance to changing Canadian demographics and values. This thesis examines the state of multicultural acceptance through the lens of youth integration. The promotion of integration, in which immigrants are encouraged to share and maintain their traditions, values, and culture, aligns with the promotion of multicultural rights and the federal governments’ responsibilities as per Canada’s Multiculturalism Act. Specifically, this thesis examines the integration of immigrant and non-immigrant youth through a systematic literature review and a survey of youth perspectives; the results are analyzed in the context of Canada’s multicultural responsibilities. The findings of the literature review indicate that, overall, immigrant and refugee youth are integrating well into Canadian society despite systemic and interpersonal discrimination. Youth report high levels of academic achievement, relatively good mental health, and diverse social circles. The existing research could be expanded by the addition of non-immigrant perspectives, as non-immigrant Canadians are also experiencing cultural change and may benefit from acculturation support and/or prejudice reduction programs. To address this gap in the literature, the Immigration in Canada: Youth Perspectives survey was created. The survey investigates youths’ intergroup relations, feelings of belonging, perceptions of diversity, and support for immigration. The study concluded that youth have frequent and friendly intergroup contact. Intergroup contact predicted feelings of belonging and positive intergroup relations. While youth were more supportive of immigration than Canadian adults, perceptions of diversity in Canada and relying on the news for immigration-related information predicted lower support for immigration. The results of this thesis suggest that interventions based on intergroup contact and intergroup friendship formation have the potential to increase belonging and comfort in multicultural communities. Furthermore, schools are excellent environments to promote both integration and multicultural rights, through including different cultures in the curriculum, encouraging multicultural respect in the classroom, and creating the opportunity for intergroup friendship formation through community partnerships and extra-curricular activities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.015 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".