L'innovation financière au secours de l'environnement ? Perspectives juridiques sur les obligations vertes (Financial Innovation to the Rescue of the Environment? Legal Perspectives on Green Bonds)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
French Abstract: Au cours de la derniere decennie s’est developpee une nouvelle generation d’instruments financiers dedies au financement de projets a bienfaits ecologiques ou sociaux, a commencer par les obligations vertes. L’article offre un apercu du marche des obligations vertes et de leur cadre reglementaire. D’un point de vue juridique, les obligations vertes se presentent comme des titres de dettes conventionnels, regis par le droit des valeurs mobilieres, auxquels se surimposent des engagements volontaires de la part des emetteurs quant a l’utilisation des fonds pour des projets a vocation environnementale et a la reddition de comptes pour la duree du projet finance. English Abstract: Over the last decade, a new generation of financial instruments dedicated to financing projects with ecological or social benefits has developed, starting with green bonds. This article provides an overview of the green bond market and its regulatory framework. From a legal standpoint, green bonds are conventional debt instruments, governed by securities law, upon which are superimposed voluntary commitments by issuers regarding the use of funds for environmental projects and the reporting for the duration of the project financed.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".