Porphyrin-Containing MOFs and COFs as Heterogeneous Photosensitizers for Singlet Oxygen-Based Antimicrobial Nanodevices
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Visible-light irradiation of porphyrin and metalloporphyrin dyes in the presence of molecular oxygen can result in the photocatalytic generation of singlet oxygen (1O2). This type II reactive oxygen species (ROS) finds many applications where the dye, also called the photosensitizer, is dissolved (i.e., homogeneous phase) along with the substrate to be oxidized. In contrast, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are insoluble (or will disassemble) when placed in a solvent. When stable as a suspension, MOFs adsorb a large amount of O2 and photocatalytically generate 1O2 in a heterogeneous process efficiently. Considering the immense surface area and great capacity for gas adsorption of MOFs, they seem ideal candidates for this application. Very recently, covalent–organic frameworks (COFs), variants where reticulation relies on covalent rather than coordination bonds, have emerged as efficient photosensitizers. This comprehensive mini review describes recent developments in the use of porphyrin-based or porphyrin-containing MOFs and COFs, including nanosized versions, as heterogeneous photosensitizers of singlet oxygen toward antimicrobial applications.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it