Effect of solar wind density and velocity on the subsolar standoff distance of the Martian magnetic pileup boundary
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using a 3D multispecies magnetohydrodynamic model, we investigated the effect of the solar wind dynamic pressure ( P d ) with different densities and velocities on the subsolar standoff distance ( r 0 ) of the Martian magnetic pileup boundary (MPB). We fixed the solar maximum condition, the strongest crustal field located in the dayside region, and the Parker spiral interplanetary magnetic field at Mars. We simulated 35 cases with a P d range of 0.1494 to 7.323 nPa (solar wind number density n ∈ [1, 9] cm −3 , and solar wind velocity V ∈ [−258, −1344] km s −1 ). The main results are as follows. (1) r 0 decreases with increasing P d according to the power-law relations. For the same P d , a higher solar wind velocity (lower density) results in a larger r 0 of the Martian MPB. (2) A higher solar wind density leads to a lower ratio of the compressed magnetic field strength to the crustal field strength and a larger plasma β under the same P d . This indicates that the thermal pressure at the Martian MPB plays a significant role for the compressed magnetic field. Because the magnetic pileup process is stronger for a higher solar wind velocity, the magnetic pressure at the Martian MPB is increased. As a result, the thermal pressure decreases and r 0 of the Martian MPB increases. (3) We present a new formula of r 0 with the parameters of the solar wind dynamic pressure, number density, and velocity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".