MODERATE TO SEVERE BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA AND GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX IN INFANTS WITH BIRTH WEIGHT ⩽1250 G
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background There are few data on the association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Nevertheless, infants with BPD are often diagnosed and treated for GER. Objective To determine the characteristics, incidence and management of GER among infants with moderate to severe BPD. Methods From January 2003 to December 2006 medical records of all babies with birth weight ⩽1250 g and moderate to severe BPD were reviewed. Data were collected using a predefined form. Descriptive statistics and t tests were used. Results Sixty-four infants were identified and 32 (50%) were diagnosed with GER. They were managed with prolonged or continuous feeds (100%), thickened feeds (19%) and/or antireflux drugs (59%). One infant (3%) had a pH probe study. Antireflux drugs were started at 76 ± 38 days (mean ± SD) and 28% of the infants were discharged home on drug therapy. Gastrostomy was performed in four (12.5%) infants out of whom two had fundoplication. There was no difference in birth weight, gender, antenatal steroids and intraventricular haemorrhage among the two groups (GER vs no GER). However, infants with clinical GER had lower gestational age (p Conclusion GER was commonly diagnosed in infants with moderate to severe BPD without specific evaluation. These infants were frequently submitted to pharmacological treatment and its potential side effects without strong evidence of benefit. The diagnosis of GER and safety of antireflux drugs needs to be better established before routine therapeutic interventions are instituted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".