Acute bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of avenanthramides (AV) from “false malted” oat bran high in endogenous AV
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Avenanthramides (AV), hydroxycinnamoyl alkaloids unique to oats, have antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo. Concentrated AV mixtures extracted from oat are bioavailable in hamsters and humans. We examined the bioavailability of AV from the bran of oats subjected to “false malting,” a process that enriches the AV content of native kernels up to 40‐fold, in a placebo controlled, crossover study of 10 healthy adults (age 50–70 y, BMI 18.5–29.9). After a 2‐d run‐in period following a diet low in polyphenols and absent oats/oat products, subjects consumed either a muffin made with 20 g AV‐enriched oat bran (containing 45 mg AV) or a placebo muffin absent oats, with a 1 wk washout period. Blood samples were collected before and up to 24 h after consumption for determination of AV isomers, A, B, C, O, P, and Q. Following consumption of the AV‐enriched oat bran muffin, maximal plasma concentration (Cmax) was highest for AV‐O at 74.8±41.3 ng/mL and lowest for AV‐C at 2.9±1.8 ng/mL. Time to reach Cmax (Tmax) for all 6 AV ranged from 1.4±0.6 to 2.3±0.8 h. There was an apparent bimodal distribution for AV‐O, P, and Q. The second peak for each was nearly equal in concentration to their respective Cmax and appeared at ~4.0 h. No AV were detected following the placebo. These data indicate AV from this oat bran matrix are bioavailable in older adults. The bimodal pattern suggests reabsorption of some AV isomers through enterohepatic circulation. (Supported by USDA and AAFC)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".