Occupational Health Risk Assessment of Inhalation Exposure to Welding Fumes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study is to assess the health risk of heavy metal in welding fumes that may affect the human respiratory system.It is imperative to evaluate the current condition in the automotive industry in Malaysia, the welders exposed to welding fumes via inhalation before any risk control implemented.In this study, three manufacturing industries associated with automotive production were selected for health risk assessment from hazardous chemical exposure among welders.The developed method by Malaysian Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) and EPA inhalation risk assessment model were adopted in this study.The result indicates that exposure to heavy metals in welding fumes was found significantly higher for both occupational hazard risk and EPA inhalation risk assessment method at the range of 82% to 89% in which exceeded the permissible exposure limit (PELs).The finding of the corrective measures at all selected plants should be implemented to reduce heavy metal fumes in welding areas, thus lesser the occupational risk among automotive industry welders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".