Peridynamic Simulation of Particles Impact and Interfacial Bonding in Cold Spray Process
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Recently, cold spray (CS) technology has attracted extensive interest as an alternative to thermal spray methods to build a coating, which uses high kinetic energy solid particles to impact and adhere to the substrate. To date, numerous numerical studies have been carried out to investigate the deposition processes and associated mechanisms during multiple particle impact in CS. However, in the commonly used numerical techniques, the individual powder particles are often treated separately from one another, thus fail to properly consider the adhesion mechanisms during deposition. In this study, we propose a new numerical approach on base of peridynamics (PD), which incorporates interfacial interactions as a part of constitutive model to capture deformation, bonding and rebound of impacting particles in one unified framework. Two models are proposed to characterize the adhesive contacts: a) a long-range Lenard-Johns type potential that reproduce the mode I fracture energy by suitable calibrations, and b) a force - stretch relation of interface directly derived from the bulk materials mode I fracture simulations. The particle deformation behavior modeled by the peridynamic method compares well with the benchmark finite element method results, which indicates the applicability of the peridynamic model for CS simulation. Furthermore, it is shown that the adhesive contact models can accurately describe interfacial bonding between the powder particles and substrate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".