Intraspecific variations of the cytoplasmic male sterility genes <i>orf108</i> and <i>orf117</i> in <i>Brassica maurorum</i> and <i>Moricandia arvensis</i>, and the specificity of the mRNA processing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mitochondrial gene orf108, which is co-transcribed with atp1 and causes cytoplasmic male sterility in Brassica crops, is widely distributed across wild species and genera of Brassicaceae. However, to date, intraspecific variations in the presence of orf108 have not yet been studied, and the mechanisms underlying the wide distribution of the gene remain unclear. We analyzed the presence and sequence variations of orf108 in two wild species, Brassica maurorum and Moricandia arvensis. After polymerase chain reaction amplification of the 5′ region of atp1 and the coding sequence of orf108, we determined the DNA sequences. Brassica maurorum and M. arvensis showed variations in the presence of orf108 or orf117 (orf108V117) both between and within accessions and were not fixed to the mitochondrial type with the male sterile genes. Sequencing of the amplicons showed that B. maurorum had orf108V117 instead of orf108. Sequencing also indicated mitochondrial heteroplasmy in the two species; in particular, in B. maurorum, one plant possessed both orf108 and orf108V117 sequences. These results suggest that substoichiometric shifting of mitochondrial genomes leads to the acquisition or loss of orf108. Furthermore, fertility restorer genes of the two species were involved in the processing of the mRNA of male sterility genes at different sites.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".