A Xeno-free Media for the In Vitro Expansion of Human Spermatogonial Stem Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT In vitro expansion of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) has been established using animal-derived fetal bovine serum (FBS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). However, the use of animal components during cell culture introduces the risk of contaminating cells with pathogens, and leads to animal epitope expression, rendering them unsuitable for medical use. Therefore, this study set out to develop a xeno-free, fully defined media for the expansion of human SSCs. We show that the molecules Prostaglandin D2 (PGD-2) and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) can replace FBS and BSA in cell culture media without loss of viability or expansion capability, and that Rho-Associated, Coiled-Coil Containing Protein Kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 supplementation improves viability after cryopreservation. Long-term SSC cultures expanded in xeno-free, defined culture conditions shared identical protein expression profiles for well-known SSC markers, while gene expression analyses revealed a significant improvement in quiescent SSC and pan-germ markers. This xeno-free, defined formulation allows for standardized SSC culture free of animal pathogens.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".