Frequency and determinants of marginal vitamin B12 deficiency in childbearing‐aged women of South Asian and European descent in Metro Vancouver
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Low maternal vitamin B 12 (B 12 ) status has been associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) and insulin resistance. It was estimated that 34 % of NTD cases in Canada may be linked to low B 12 status in the era of folic acid fortification. Due to the early effects of B 12 status on pregnancy outcome, it is crucial for women to be B‐vitamin adequate before conception. South Asians are one of the most vulnerable ethnic groups for B 12 inadequacy and are one of the largest ethnic minorities in Vancouver. The objectives of this study are to assess whether South Asian women of childbearing age are more likely to be marginally B 12 deficient than women of European descent in the Metro Vancouver area and to determine whether select demographic, dietary, and genetic determinants increase a woman's risk to be marginally B 12 deficient. In a convenience sample of 300 healthy non‐pregnant females (19 – 35 y), B 12 status is assessed using serum B 12 , holotranscobalamin, and plasma methylmalonic acid. Sociodemographic status, supplement use, and usual eating habits are assessed by questionnaires. The frequency of marginal B 12 deficiency was estimated to be 16% with a trend for higher frequency in South Asian women. The research outcomes will aid in identifying risk factors of B 12 deficiency by ethnicity and contribute to the evaluation of periconceptional supplement recommendations. Grant Funding Source : ‘FNH Vitamin Research Fund’ UBC
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".