A diet high in saturated fat and low in calcium is more detrimental to bone health of male Wistar rats than a fructose‐rich diet
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dietary factors can have major metabolic effects through a pathway to energy excess, insulin resistance, insulinemia and diabetes; or through a pathway to decreased calcium availability, intestinal barrier failure, bacterial translocation, inflammation and oxidative stress. The latter path is known to affect bone structure and strength, but there is no direct evidence on a possible interaction with processes affecting the development of insulin resistance. Our objective was to determine which dietary components – high saturated fat and low calcium (referred to as the oxidative stress diet) or high fructose ‐ is more detrimental to bone strength and quality in male Wistar rats. Rats were fed 1 of 4 diets for 8 weeks: control, oxidative stress diet (OX), oxidative stress plus fructose diet (OX + fructose), or fructose diet. Strength at femur midpoint and neck, and third lumbar vertebra, were measured using a materials testing system. Whole femur, 1/3 proximal femur, and lumbar spine bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured using dual x‐ray absorptiometry. Body weights of fructose‐fed rats were lower (P=0.016) than OX‐fed rats. Rats fed the OX and OX + fructose diet had lower (P<0.001) peak load, BMC and BMD compared to rats fed control and fructose diet. Diets rich in saturated fat and low in calcium resulted in weaker femur and spine, but a diet rich in fructose did not affect bone health.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".