Regulation of exercise induced endothelial sprout formation by FoxO1/3/4
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Forkhead Box “O” (FoxO) transcription factors have been shown to negatively regulated the process of capillary growth, but their influence on endothelial sprout initiation is not known. Mice with endothelial cell (EC) directed deletion of FoxO1/3/4 (FoxOΔ) have accelerated angiogenesis in response to repeated bouts of endurance exercise. We hypothesize this occurs due to FoxO regulation of genes such as Delta‐like1 (Dll1) and Tyrosine‐protein kinase receptor (Tek), which are involved in sprout formation and capillary maturation. EC with a deletion of FoxO1/3/4 showed decreases in Dll1 and Tek mRNA by 0.35 and 0.50 fold, respectively. Dll1 expression was significantly down‐regulated in mouse gastrocnemius muscle after 7 and 14 days of treadmill running, coinciding with the period of FoxO down‐regulation and capillary sprouting. In contrast, Tek expression was bi‐phasic, increasing two‐fold in animals trained for 1 and 14 days compared to sedentary counterparts. In FoxOΔ mice, basal Dll1 mRNA was reduced compared to wildtype, and there was no further decrease with training. The up‐regulation of Tek seen after 14 days of exercise was abolished in FoxOΔ animals. Our results indicate that Dll1 and Tek are novel FoxO targets, and their regulation with repeated exercise bouts may assist in the process of sprout formation and subsequent capillary maturation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".