Innovative in situ investigations using synchrotron‐based micro tomography and molecular dynamics simulation for fouling assessment in ceramic membranes for dairy and food industry
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Proteins in dairy streams result in organic fouling and function loss for ceramic membrane's porous structure. Synchrotron‐based X‐ray microtomography (SR‐µCT) is a new method with a high signal to noise ratio and accordingly significant level of accuracy. The goal of this study was to perform an in situ assessment of ceramic membrane fouling in the dairy stream filtration process, using SR‐µCT. This study attempted to assess porosity variation and membrane fouling through different layers from the top, middle, and bottom layers of the ceramic microfiltration membrane before and after skimming milk filtration. Molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) was used for depth understanding of milk protein interactions with the ceramic membrane. Fouling was found to be more intense on the top of the ceramic membrane even though the top layer was slightly more porous, which indicates that top layers were more prone to fouling. A regression model was derived to correlate the porosity loss due to membrane fouling at different membrane thicknesses. The MDS results showed more affinity of the milk proteins to the ceramic membrane compared to water molecules. The MDS studies showed how the presence of the milk's protein macromolecules could change the hydrophilicity trend on the membrane's surface.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it