Abstract NT-089: TRAIL-EXPRESSING ONCOLYTIC VACCINIA VIRUS COMBINED WITH SMALL-MOLECULE DRUG PAC1 IS A POTENTIALLY EFFECTIVE TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR OVARIAN CANCERS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract INTRODUCTION: Procaspase activating compound-1 (PAC1) is a small-molecule drug shown in vitro to sequester inhibitory zinc ions from caspase-3. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a pro-apoptotic ligand that binds membrane-bound death receptors, triggering the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Both agents display low toxicity in humans. Vaccinia virus (VACV) is a double-stranded DNA virus that has shown therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials and has an established safety profile in humans due to its use as the smallpox vaccine. First-line standard of care for ovarian cancer is combination taxane and carboplatin, which has significant potential toxicity and 70% of women who receive it suffer relapse. Clinical trials involving TRAIL, both alone and combined with other drugs, have shown that while it is well-tolerated it is ineffective partly due to insufficient dosing at the tumour site. In an effort to uncover a safer, more effective therapeutic for ovarian cancer we report here on the successful construction of a recombinant oncolytic vaccinia virus expressing TRAIL (VACVTRAIL). Secretion of TRAIL by VACV-infected cancer cells will result in localized administration of TRAIL at higher dosages and minimize potential side-effects. We posit that treatment with PAC1 and VACVTRAIL represents a potentially safe, effective treatment for ovarian cancers. RESULTS: Testing in cell line models of granulosa cell tumour (GCT) have shown that recombinant human (rh)TRAIL is effective in combination with PAC1. Dose-response assays established that combination of PAC1 (20 μM) with rhTRAIL (10 ng/mL) dramatically reduced viability of cancer cells while being substantially less toxic to normal cells. Replication of those assays on patient-derived primary and recurrent GCT cells confirmed PAC1 combined with rhTRAIL was dramatically more cytotoxic than treatment with rhTRAIL or PAC1 alone. To optimize delivery of TRAIL to tumour cells, we constructed a recombinant VACVTRAIL virus that secretes TRAIL in the range of 70–80 ng/mL. Dose-response curves showed VACVTRAIL to be strongly cytotoxic with an ED50 of 0.1 plaque forming unit (PFU) per cell. Comparing toxicity of VACVTRAIL to a non-TRAIL-expressing VACV established that secretion of TRAIL is the basis for VACVTRAIL superiority in killing GCT cells, and supernatant collected from infected cells is more effective at reducing cell viability when combined with PAC1 than is rhTRAIL combined with PAC1. CONCLUSION: We have successfully constructed a TRAIL-expressing oncolytic VACV which produces effective levels of active TRAIL from infected cells. Results in vitro suggest combining PAC1 with oncolytic VACVTRAIL will allow localized delivery of TRAIL resulting in a safe, synergistic, self-amplifying therapy. Citation Format: Powel Crosley, Kate Agopsowicz, Kyle Potts, Ryan Noyce, Marjut Pihlajoki, Markku Heikinheimo, Anniina Färkkilä, David Evans, Mary Hitt. TRAIL-EXPRESSING ONCOLYTIC VACCINIA VIRUS COMBINED WITH SMALL-MOLECULE DRUG PAC1 IS A POTENTIALLY EFFECTIVE TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR OVARIAN CANCERS [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 13-15, 2018; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2019;25(22 Suppl):Abstract nr NT-089.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".