Chronic Kidney Disease: Clinical and Epidemiological Scenario of Patients in Hemodialysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and epidemiological scenario of patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. METHOD: Retrospective study with secondary data collected from the medical records of patients over 18 years of age on hemodialysis from January 2016 to December 2018. RESULTS: 507 patients underwent ambulatory and/or hospital hemodialysis during the study period. From these, 494 participants were included, comprising 383 who were still under treatment at the end of the study period and 111 who died during the study period. The majority of hemodialysis patients were male, with a mean age of 56.6 years, non-white (77.4%), in a stable relationship (51.6%), retired (54.9%), and with low education (73.9%). Most participants started hemodialysis with the use of a central venous catheter (83.3%), which was maintained for 43.8% of the treatment time. Participants used an average of 18.91 medications daily. More than half of the deaths occurred during the first two years of treatment, with 30.6% of these occurring in the first 12 months of hemodialysis. Evaluation of the results of the clinical outcome of death demonstrated a relationship between age (p= 0.003), number of comorbidities (p = 0.009), time using a central venous catheter (p = 0.025), and white ethnicity (p = 0.021). Septic shock was the main cause of death (56.8%). CONCLUSION: Some factors related to the prognosis of the disease cannot be changed, such as age and white ethnicity. However, greater attention to the management and adequate monitoring of comorbidities is necessary, as well as a reduction in the time spent using a central venous catheter. Due to polymedication, pharmacotherapeutic monitoring is indicated, both for the prevention of drug related problems and for discussions concerning drug discontinuation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".