Role of voltage‐dependent calcium channels in stretch‐induced lymphatic vessel contractions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lymph drainage maintains tissue fluid homeostasis and facilitates immune response. It is promoted by phasic contractions of lymphatic vessels, which increase in rate with increase in luminal pressure. The contractions depend on activation of voltage‐dependent calcium channel (VDCC), which have not been characterized in lymphatic vessels. We used pressure‐ and wire‐myography, electrophysiology, PCR and immunofluorescence imaging to investigate the electrophysiological properties of L‐type and T‐type VDCCs and their role on stretch‐induced lymphatic contractions. Members of the VDCC family were expressed at the messenger RNA and protein level in rat mesenteric lymphatic vessels. The stretch‐induced increase in force was significantly attenuated in the presence of L‐type VDCC blockers nifedipine and diltiazem, while the T‐type VDCC blockers mibefradil and nickel significantly decreased the stretch‐induced increase in contraction frequency. Furthermore, nifedipine and diltiazem depolarized, while mibefradil and nickel hyperpolarized lymphatic muscle membrane potential. Our data suggest a delineating role of VDCCs in stretch‐induced lymphatic vessel contractions. We propose that activation of T‐type VDCC depolarizes membrane potential, regulating the frequency of lymphatic contractions via opening of L‐type VDCCs, which drive the strength of contractions. Supported by NIH
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".