Hydrodynamic Constraints on Ore Formation by Basin‐Scale Fluid Flow at Continental Margins: Modelling Zn Metallogenesis in the Devonian Selwyn Basin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The clastic‐dominant (CD‐type) deposits that are contained within sedimentary basins are major resources of Zn, Pb and Ag, but their formation by basin‐scale hydrothermal mass and energy transport processes is still poorly understood. Using geological constraints from the Late Devonian Selwyn Basin (Canada), we apply quantitative numerical fluid flow modeling to explore the effect of strata permeability, timing of fault opening and increased heat flow in controlling fluid migration, metal leaching and ore formation during an extensional tectonic event. The results indicate that tapping hot fluids from a confined and permeable aquifer at several km depths by means of permeable normal faults is a key factor for the formation of large Zn‐Pb deposits. The hot (282°C) ore‐forming fluids are transported to the shallow subsurface shortly after the initiation of a rifting event (within 100 kyr), before the development of extensive basin‐scale convection patterns that lead to stronger cooling and a reduction in the capacity of the hydrothermal system to make an economic deposit. Such a hydrothermal event can result in metal endowments comparable to the deposits of the Selwyn Basin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".