Plasma vitamin D, hormonal contraceptive use, and biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The relationship between vitamin D and cardiometabolic disease is unclear. Hormonal contraceptive (HC) use among women is associated with elevated plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. HC use is also associated with cardiometabolic disease risk. The objective was to examine whether the association between 25(OH)D and biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease differs between healthy young women HC non‐users ( n =677), women HC users ( n =280), and men ( n =427) aged 20 – 29 years. Participants provided overnight fasting blood samples for measurement of 25(OH)D, glucose, insulin, and blood lipids. HC use was determined by questionnaire. In models adjusted for age, waist circumference, physical activity, ethnicity, and season of blood collection, vitamin D deficiency was associated with higher insulin, HOMA‐IR, and HOMA‐Beta among men and women HC non‐users, and with higher triglycerides among men only. No biomarkers were associated with 25(OH)D among women HC users. Circulating 25(OH)D concentrations are inversely associated with biomarkers of glycemic dysregulation in young adults; however, HC use among women attenuates this association. Given the widespread use of HC by women throughout the world, a better understanding of the extent to which these medications modify the relationship between vitamin D and disease‐related processes is warranted. Research support from the Advanced Foods and Materials Network. Grant Funding Source : Advanced Foods and Materials Network
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".