Iron stores and home stimulation independently relate to infant development in a rural Indian community with high rates of infant anemia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective Examine how iron stores and home stimulation relate to infant development in rural India. Methods Enrolled 497 infants age 6–12 mo. Calculated weight‐age, length‐age, & weight‐length z‐scores (WAZ, HAZ, WHZ). Assessed home stimulation (HOME Inventory), motor, language & visual reception (Mullen Scales of Early Learning) & socioemotional (Brief Infant‐Toddler Socio‐Emotional Assessment). Associations of iron stores & home stimulation with development estimated by analyses of variance, adjusted by child age, WAZ, HAZ, WHZ, hemoglobin (Hb), B12, C reactive protein, maternal education & household assets. Results 71% had adequate iron stores (ferritin>;12 μg/L), 66% were anemic (Hb<11 g/dL), 20% stunted (HAZ<‐2) & 19% underweight (WAZ<‐2). Ferritin was positively associated with fine motor (p=.039), receptive language (p=.045), & socioemotional (p=.023), but not gross motor, expressive language, or visual reception. Home stimulation was positively associated with receptive (p=.025) & expressive language (p=.002), visual reception (p<.001), & socio‐emotional (p<.001), but not gross/fine motor. Conclusion Iron stores & home stimulation are independently associated with infant development, supporting evaluation of an integrated micronutrient‐infant development trial. Support: Mathile Institute & Micronutrient Initiative
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".