Supplementation with phosphatidylcholine during suckling improves the immune response of the offspring
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Choline is essential during suckling for the development of the offspring. In the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition cohort, the major forms of dietary choline were phosphatidylcholine (PC) and free choline. These forms are metabolized differently and this study was conducted to determine the effect of different forms of maternal dietary choline on immune development in the suckled offspring. Lactating dams (n=5/group) were randomized to nutritionally complete, isocaloric, high fat (20% w/w) diets of similar fatty acid compositions, containing 1.0 g/kg choline as free choline (C) or PC (PC) and 2 pups from each litter were pooled to assess the effect of diet on splenocyte function. Diet did not affect growth or the number and relative % of T or B cells in spleen. PC pups had a higher (1.56X) proportion of activated cytotoxic T cells (CD8+CD71+) compared to C pups (p<0.05). When stimulated ex vivo with Concanavalin A, cells from PC pups produced more IL‐2 ( 1.7X), IL‐6 (2.6X), and IFN‐γ (2.4X) compared to C pups (p<0.05). Cells from PC pups produced more IL‐6 (2.1X) and TNF‐α (1.4X) compared to C pups after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (p<0.05). Findings suggest that providing choline in the maternal diet as PC promotes T cell maturation and function in the offspring during a critical period of immune development. Grant Funding Source : WCHRI Studentship, NSERC, Alberta Egg Producers
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".