Cardiac Vagal Reactivation during Muscle Metaboreflex Activation Following Handgrip Exercise in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder classically characterized by symptoms of motor impairment, but also presenting with important non‐motor impairments. There is evidence for the reduced activity of both the parasympathetic and sympathetic limbs of the autonomic nervous system at rest in PD. However, it is currently unclear if inappropriate autonomic adjustments are manifested during exercise in PD, including rapid parasympathetic adjustments that occur following cessation of exercise and at the onset of isolated post‐exercise ischemia (PEI; muscle metaboreflex activation). Herein, we tested the hypothesis that, compared to older and young men, patients with PD present a lower heart rate (HR) recovery at the cessation of isometric handgrip exercise (i.e., onset of PEI) due to an attenuated cardiac vagal reactivation. Eleven patients with PD (66 ± 2 yr; Hoehn and Yahr score: 2 ± 1 a.u.; time since diagnosis: 7 ± 1 yr; means ± SD), 9 age‐matched controls (66 ± 3 yr) and 10 young subjects (21 ± 1 yr) were recruited. Subjects performed 90‐s of isometric handgrip exercise at 40% of maximal voluntary contraction followed by 3‐min of PEI. Beat‐to‐beat HR (electrocardiography) was continuously measured during the experiment. HR recovery data were calculated as the absolute difference between HR at the end of the isometric exercise and HR at the end of the first 30‐s of PEI. HR was significantly increased from rest during exercise in all groups, and increases were higher in young subjects compared to patients with PD and age‐matched controls (Δ11 ± 5 vs. Δ10 ± 7 vs. Δ30 ± 15 beats.min −1 ; P < 0.001; for patients with PD, age‐matched controls and young subjects, respectively). Following the cessation of exercise, the HR recovery was significantly lower in both patients with PD and age‐matched controls compared to young subjects (Δ‐10 ± 5 vs. Δ‐14 ± 6 vs. Δ‐26 ± 8 beats.min −1 at 30s; P < 0.001; for patients with PD, age‐matched controls and young subjects, respectively). In summary, patients with PD and age‐matched controls present blunted parasympathetic reactivation, as indicated by the lower HR recovery after exercise. However, contrary to our hypothesis, patients with PD do not have attenuated HR recovery at the cessation of isometric handgrip exercise and onset of PEI compared to age‐matched controls, suggesting that parasympathetic reactivation was not further affected by the presence of PD.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".