Exploring the genetic variability of citrus butterfly (Papilio demoleus) using DNA barcode
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study is first and initial report from India on developing barcodes and molecular identification of citrus swallow tail butterfly (Papilio demoleus L.) based on mtCOI region and species composition from Abohar, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Sangrur areas of Punjab on citrus host plants. The corresponding genomic DNA isolation, PCR amplification, detectable genetic divergence, molecular identification and phylogenetic tree were assessed. Using the specific set of primers the samples yielded specific fragment of 658 bp. The amplified PCR product was sequenced and identified as Papilio demoleus and submitted to BOLD database. The 658 bp mtCOI gene sequences from Abohar, Ludhiana, Jalandhar were 100% similar however the sequence from Sangrur region show mutations at three different positions showing a variation of 0.45% from rest of the populations of Punjab. The phylogenetic tree was developed and it was revealed that all the populations of Punjab are in same cluster and when compared with populations from other countries, it form two main clusters which are different from each other by 3.70%. The cluster one includes all the populations of Australia, India, USA and Pakistan and the cluster two include totally different populations from Canada. In cluster one the populations from Australia and USA forms one subgroup while populations from India and Pakistan form second subgroup.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".