Evolutionary Glycomics: A Comprehensive Study of Vertebrate Host Serum/Plasma Glycome Using Orthogonal Glycomics Techniques
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Eukaryotic Vertebrate host glycosylation machinery has been subject to immense evolutionary pressure. Besides, being crucial for host sustenance, glyco‐epitopes are also key‐regulators of inter‐species pathogen transmission. Significant evolutionary events such as loss of N‐glycolyl neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) or alpha Galactose (α‐Gal) epitopes in species such as humans have been relevant for species development and have significantly impacted the ongoing arms race between pathogen and their hosts. Comprehensive knowledge on Vertebrate species‐specific glycosylation is still scattered, thereby leaving a substantial gap in our understanding of their glycome evolution. Serum/plasma N‐ and O‐glycomes of 35 different Vertebrate species (mammals, marsupials, birds, reptiles and fish) were analysed by two orthogonal glycomics methods, Porous Graphitised Carbon nano‐ Liquid Chromatography coupled to Electrospray Ionisation Tandem Mass Spectrometry (PGC nano‐LC ESI‐MS/MS) and Matrix Associated Laser Desorption Ionisation Time‐of‐flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS). Sialic acid diversity was additionally captured using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analyses of 1,2 Diamino Methylenedioxybenzene dichloride (DMB)‐ labelled sialic acids. Vertebrate serum/plasma glycome predominantly contained complex di‐, mono sialylated glycans. Core fucosylation of these N‐glycans was strongly species dependent, as were the non‐reducing end modifications. Most species showed a preference for incorporation of either N‐acetyl neuraminic acid (NeuAc) or NeuGc, with exceptions such as rats that use both. Anseriformes (Goose, Duck) N‐glycans carried GalNAc‐GlcNAc (LacDiNAc) epitopes that, however, were absent in Galliformes (Chicken, Turkey). Reptilians (e.g. Green sea turtles) had high levels of α‐Gal epitopes, and Saltwater Crocodile uniquely showed high amounts of oligomannose N‐glycans in serum. This largest, vertebrate species‐specific serum/plasma glycan and MS/MS spectral data is currently in the process of being made available open access through our collaboration with glycan focussed database such as Glyconnect and UniCarbDB.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".