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Record W3172205960 · doi:10.55016/ojs/sppp.v5i1.42404

A Profound Tax Reform: The Impact of Sales Tax Harmonization on Prince Edward Island’s Competitiveness

2012· article· en· W3172205960 on OpenAlexaffabout
Duanjie Chen, Jack Mintz

Bibliographic record

VenueThe School of Public Policy Publications · 2012
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicCorporate Taxation and Avoidance
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Calgary
Fundersnot available
KeywordsTax reformHarmonizationValue-added taxAd valorem taxEconomicsBusinessInternational tradeInternational economicsMarket economyPublic economicsArt

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Prince Edward Island’s decision to harmonize its provincial sales tax with the federal GST next year will bring Canada’s smallest province huge benefits; consumers and businesses will reap the rewards. While services will be taxed higher, the removal of PST on purchases of goods and services used in operations will keep more money in consumers’ wallets as lower production costs cascade from business to the general public. Businesses, faced with a lower cost of capital, will have the chance to increase investments by around $560 million over seven years. Further, the HST regime’s potentially more neutral treatment of economic activities will minimize distortions by promoting the efficient allocation of capital. By 2021, when the harmonization has been fully implemented, PEI’s effective tax rate on new investments will have fallen by 18 points, making the island one of the most competitive economies in the OECD. Businesses of every size will gain enormously from the changes, as will Prince Edward Islanders themselves, in the form of more jobs, $380 million in additional wages and dramatically improved opportunities. This brief paper models the effects of the HST’s gradual phase-in on all major sectors over the next seven years, and argues forcefully that PEI’s course is the correct one — a major step toward the neutral corporate tax structure Canadian prosperity depends on.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.498
Threshold uncertainty score0.997

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.001
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0020.004
Scholarly communication0.0060.002
Open science0.0010.002
Research integrity0.0020.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0060.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.045
GPT teacher head0.302
Teacher spread0.257 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2012
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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