WRKY46 promotes ammonium tolerance in Arabidopsis by repressing NUDX9 and indole‐3‐acetic acid‐conjugating genes and by inhibiting ammonium efflux in the root elongation zone
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Ammonium (NH 4 + ) is toxic to root growth in most plants, even at moderate concentrations. Transcriptional regulation is one of the most important mechanisms in the response of plants to NH 4 + toxicity, but the nature of the involvement of transcription factors (TFs) in this regulation remains unclear. Here, RNA‐seq analysis was performed on Arabidopsis roots to screen for ammonium‐responsive TFs. WRKY46, the member of the WRKY transcription factor family most responsive to NH 4 + , was selected. We defined the role of WRKY46 using mutation and overexpression assays, and characterized the regulation of NUDX9 and indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA)‐conjugating genes by WRKY46 via yeast one‐hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation‐quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (ChIP‐qPCR). Knockout of WRKY46 increased, while overexpression of WRKY46 decreased, NH 4 + ‐suppression of the primary root. WRKY46 is shown to directly bind to the promoters of the NUDX9 and IAA‐conjugating genes ( GH3.1 , GH3.6 , UGT75D1 , UGT84B2 ) and to inhibit their transcription, thus positively regulating free IAA content and stabilizing protein N‐glycosylation, leading to an inhibition of NH 4 + efflux in the root elongation zone (EZ). We identify TF involvement in the regulation of NH 4 + efflux in the EZ, and show that WRKY46 inhibits NH 4 + efflux by negative regulation of NUDX9 and IAA‐conjugating genes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".